Lab Cycle 4 — Scientific Computing & Data Visualization (NumPy & Matplotlib)

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def plot_mathematical_curves():
    """
    Computes and displays 4 mathematical curves in a 2x2 subplot layout:
    1. Sine Curve: y = sin(x)
    2. Cosine Curve: y = cos(x)
    3. Polynomial Curve: y = x^3 - 4x
    4. Exponential Curve: y = e^x
    """
    # Generate domain points
    x_trig = np.linspace(-2 * np.pi, 2 * np.pi, 300)
    x_poly = np.linspace(-3, 3, 300)
    x_exp  = np.linspace(-2, 3, 300)
    
    fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(12, 9))
    fig.suptitle("Mathematical Functions Visualization", fontsize=16, fontweight='bold')
    
    # 1. Sine Curve
    axes[0, 0].plot(x_trig, np.sin(x_trig), color='blue', linewidth=2, label=r'$y = \sin(x)$')
    axes[0, 0].set_title("Sine Curve", fontsize=12, fontweight='bold')
    axes[0, 0].set_xlabel("x (radians)")
    axes[0, 0].set_ylabel("sin(x)")
    axes[0, 0].grid(True, linestyle='--', alpha=0.7)
    axes[0, 0].legend()
    
    # 2. Cosine Curve
    axes[0, 1].plot(x_trig, np.cos(x_trig), color='green', linewidth=2, label=r'$y = \cos(x)$')
    axes[0, 1].set_title("Cosine Curve", fontsize=12, fontweight='bold')
    axes[0, 1].set_xlabel("x (radians)")
    axes[0, 1].set_ylabel("cos(x)")
    axes[0, 1].grid(True, linestyle='--', alpha=0.7)
    axes[0, 1].legend()
    
    # 3. Polynomial Curve (y = x^3 - 4x)
    y_poly = x_poly**3 - 4 * x_poly
    axes[1, 0].plot(x_poly, y_poly, color='crimson', linewidth=2, label=r'$y = x^3 - 4x$')
    axes[1, 0].set_title("Polynomial Curve ($y = x^3 - 4x$)", fontsize=12, fontweight='bold')
    axes[1, 0].set_xlabel("x")
    axes[1, 0].set_ylabel("y")
    axes[1, 0].grid(True, linestyle='--', alpha=0.7)
    axes[1, 0].legend()
    
    # 4. Exponential Curve (y = e^x)
    axes[1, 1].plot(x_exp, np.exp(x_exp), color='purple', linewidth=2, label=r'$y = e^x$')
    axes[1, 1].set_title("Exponential Curve ($y = e^x$)", fontsize=12, fontweight='bold')
    axes[1, 1].set_xlabel("x")
    axes[1, 1].set_ylabel("e^x")
    axes[1, 1].grid(True, linestyle='--', alpha=0.7)
    axes[1, 1].legend()
    
    plt.tight_layout()
    plt.show()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    plot_mathematical_curves()